Acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia
急性淋巴性白血病
大家好!今天我们开始一个新的话题,说一说 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia "急性淋巴性白血病"。
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a cancer of the white blood cells called lymphocytes. The term acute emphasised the fact that it develops rapidly and requires immediate treatment.
1.Acute 意为"急性",与之相对应的是 chronic "慢性"。
2.前缀 leuko- 指"白色的", 后缀 -aemia 指"在血液中的"。
Leukaemia 泛指"各类型的白血病"
3."白细胞"的俗称是 white blood cell,它的正式学名是 leukocyte。相似的还有"红细胞"的正式名称是 erythrocyte ,其中后缀 -cyte 代表"细胞的"。
Lymphocytes and other blood cells are produced by the bone marrow in a controlled fashion. However, the process is disrupted in ALL patients and large number of immature, abnormal lymphocytes called lymphoblasts are produced and released into blood stream.
1.Lymphocyte 意为"淋巴细胞"
前缀 lymph- 指"淋巴系统的",例如"淋巴结" lymph node。
2.Bone marrow 意为"骨髓"
3.Immature 意为"不成熟的"
4.Lymphoblast 意为"淋巴母细胞",也就是在上文中的提到的 immature (cell)。
The overgrowth of these cells lead to an inadequate number of normal blood cells including neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia.
1.Overgrowth 意为"过度生长"
2.Anaemia 指"贫血"
3.Neutropenia 意为"嗜中性细胞底下"
4.Thrombocytopenia 意为"血小板减少",后缀 -penia 代表"数量少的",前缀 neutro- 在这里是用来代表"嗜中性细胞" neutrophil。
图片来源:
1.(封面):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#/media/File:Acute_leukemia-ALL.jpg
2.(文章):
https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq
本期词汇总结
Acute 急性的
Chronic 慢性的
Leukaemia 白血病
Leukocyte 白细胞
Erythrocyte 红细胞
Lymphocyte 淋巴细胞
Lymph node 淋巴结
Lymphoblast 淋巴母细胞
Bone marrow 骨髓
Overgrowth 过度生长
Anaemia 贫血
Neutropenia 嗜中性细胞底下
Thrombocytopenia 血小板减少
Neutrophil 嗜中性细胞
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